Philosophy of Means

Not mere biological entities, bodies are conceptual and political battlegrounds, either instruments of domination or avenues of liberation. Throughout history and across cultures, bodies have been used to express social, racial, class, and gender differences. They have also been imagined as means: means for reproducing life and labour, means understood to be inscribed within a "natural" order. This concept has run through the entire history of Western metaphysics and culture, and its persistence and development has contributed to the establishment of cultural and political dominance by Western rationality and the white men who conceived it. This book asks us to reconsider the theoretical and political power of means in relation to bodies. Stimilli problematizes the role of means in a hypertechnological era in which politics has come to be seen merely as administration, with no pretence of elaborating higher meanings or purposes. Are means, she asks, truly instruments subordinate to purposes unrelated to them, or could they be something else? In a philosophical investigation into the meaning of means, Stimilli elaborates the political power of bodies as means, arguing that they are never neutral and lie at the origin of collective phenomena whose potential is still to be explored. From the United States to South America and Europe, from North Africa to the Middle East and beyond, bodies are at the centre of enormous transnational and intersectional movements as non-instrumental means for new forms of social reproduction. A new sexuation of the world is now the order of the day.